Vortex lattices in a rotating spin-orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensates with spatially modulated nonlinear interaction

Abstract

We study the ground-state phases of a two-dimensional rotating spin-orbit coupled spin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensates with constant interaction and spatially modulated nonlinear interaction, respectively. By comparing with the ground-state phases with constant interaction, the spatially modulated nonlinear interaction not only promotes the realization of ground-state phase but also protects the stability of the vortex line structure. Under the action of the spatially modulated nonlinear interaction, we find that the number of vortices in the every layer along the azimuthal direction successively increases as the rotational frequency enhances, and the vortices are uniformed distributed around the center. The ground-state phase diagram with spatially modulated nonlinear interaction is also studied, a variety of the vortex lattice phases are found.