Nonrecurring Circuit Nanozymatic Enhancement of Hypoxic Pancreatic Cancer Phototherapy Using Speckled Ru–Te Hollow Nanorods

Abstract

Nanozymatic reactions that produce or consume oxygen (O2) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) consist of oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase-type activity. Although extensive studies were conducted to overcome hypoxia through nanozymatic reactions, the construction of an ideal system is challenging, given that the reactants and products are arranged in a recurring structure for continuous consumption in a full cycle. In this study, speckled Ru–Te hollow nanorods were prepared through solvothermal galvanic replacement against Te nanorod templates with high yield and robustness. From their multicompositional characteristics, nonrecurring peroxidase-SOD-catalase-type nanozymatic properties were identified with photothermal and photodynamic feasibility over a wide range of laser irradiation wavelengths. Owing to the excellent colloidal stability and biocompatibility, the proposed Ru–Te-based nanozymatic platform was highly effective in hypoxic pancreatic cancer phototherapy in vitro and in vivo by near-infrared laser irradiation mediated photothermal and photodynamic combination treatment.