Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Pediatric Patients With Craniofacial Differences: Causes, Recurrence and Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

The clinical course of TMJ ankylosis in children affected by craniofacial differences is complex and typically involves a high rate of recurrence and multiple reoperations despite initial improvement in postoperative MIO. Younger age at initial mandibular surgery and number of operations require further investigation as potential predictors of recurrent TMJ ankylosis as well as tracheostomy and gastrostomy dependence.