A case of dual-mechanism immune-related anaemia in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab

Abstract

This report describes a rare case of two concurrent mechanisms of haematological irAE in a patient treated with combined ICI therapy. Successful treatment resulted only after the second underlying mechanism of toxicity was uncovered. Prompt recognition of these unusual presentations of rare irAEs is now key to effective irAE management.