Harm to Others Acts as a Negative Reinforcer in Rats

Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction

Richard S. Sutton, Andy Barto · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · 1998 · 26.8K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering, Deep Reinforcement Learning +3

Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction

IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · 2005 · 25.7K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Engineering, Deep Reinforcement Learning +9

Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain

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Pain Therapy, Pain Medicine, Affective Neuroscience +17

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Dale J. Langford, Sara E. Crager, Zarrar Shehzad et al. · Science · 2006 · 864 citations

Pain Medicine, Social Psychology, Empathy +20

Oxytocin-dependent consolation behavior in rodents

James P. Burkett, Elissar Andari, Zachary V. Johnson et al. · Science · 2016 · 687 citations · Full text

Affective Neuroscience, Empathy, Social Sciences +19