Possible determinants of long-term adherence to physical activity in multiple sclerosis—theory-based development of a comprehensive questionnaire and results from a German survey study

Abstract

Our results suggest that capability, opportunity, and motivation should be targeted simultaneously when designing future interventions. Inactive people with multiple sclerosis might benefit most from interventions increasing action self-efficacy and intention. Boosting autonomous motivation, goal setting, action planning as well as maintenance and recovery self-efficacy could have a positive effect on long-term adherence.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis study applied the COM-B model and Theoretical Domains Framework to identify a set of constructs for explaining long-term physical activity among people with MS.Behaviour change and maintenance interventions for people with MS should include techniques that foster intention, perceived self-efficacy and self-regulatory skills, and promote goal setting and autonomy of motivation for regular physical activity.Although barriers of the physical and social environmental context did not seem to be that important in our sample, scientists should consider addressing them in interventions for inactive and more disabled people with MS.Information about the benefits of physical activity should be regularly provided in MS rehabilitation, while further research should explore the relevance of information provision and knowledge for behaviour change in different groups of people with MS.