First Report of Citrus Chlorotic Dwarf-Associated Virus on Pomelo in Nakhon, Thailand

Abstract

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 4First Report of Citrus Chlorotic Dwarf-Associated Virus on Pomelo in Nakhon, Thailand PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Citrus Chlorotic Dwarf-Associated Virus on Pomelo in Nakhon, ThailandZhen Yang, Lan Zhang, Jinfa Zhao, Taisheng Li, Qiyan Liu, Mengji Cao, and Yan ZhouZhen YangNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China, Lan ZhangHorticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi Xiang Tang, Nanning 530000, China, Jinfa ZhaoNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China, Taisheng LiNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China, Qiyan LiuNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China, Mengji Caohttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-262XNational Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China, and Yan Zhou†Corresponding author: Y. Zhou; E-mail Address: [e-mail]://orcid.org/0000-0003-4793-7303National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Zhen Yang1 Lan Zhang2 Jinfa Zhao1 Taisheng Li1 Qiyan Liu1 Mengji Cao1 Yan Zhou1 † 1National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China 2Horticulture Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xi Xiang Tang, Nanning 530000, China Published Online:6 Feb 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2093-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Citrus chlorotic dwarf disease (CCDD) was first reported in Turkey in the mid-1990s (Korkmaz et al. 1995) and subsequently in China (Guo et al. 2015). Symptoms included various chlorotic patterns, leaf crinkling, and other types of leaf distortion. Currently, CCDD is the most serious citrus disease in Turkey, where severe losses on different species are reported (Loconsole et al. 2012). Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV; family Geminiviridae) is the causal agent of CCDD (Loconsole et al. 2012). In spring 2019, a new disease was observed at some Ruby Green pomelo orchards in Nakhon, Thailand, with symptoms of severe leaf curling, distortion, and chlorosis on young flushes. Approximately 20% of Ruby Green pomelo trees in this area were symptomatic. The budwoods from four symptomatic Ruby Green pomelo plants were grafted onto 15 plants each of healthy Ruby Green pomelo and Sanhongmiyou pomelo (Citrus grandis) plants and covered by insect-proof net. Three months later, the young flushes of these graft-inoculated plants displayed typical symptoms of CCDD. Total DNA extracts (Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit; Bioer, Hangzhou, China) were obtained from these symptomatic plants and 45 additional Ruby Green pomelo plants (symptomatic = 16, asymptomatic = 29), which were collected from four orchards in Nakhon. PCR tests were performed with CCDaV-specific primers (sense, 5′-ACAAGACTATCATAGCACGAGACG-3′; and antisense, 5′- TTTGAACTGTTTAAGTCCATCCC-3′) designed based on the conserved region of movement protein (accession no. JQ920490). The expected amplicon (789 bp) was obtained from the symptomatic Ruby Green pomelo samples and identified by BLASTn analysis as specific to CCDaV. All CCDaV-infected plants showed severe leaf curling, distortion, and chlorosis. Furthermore, all the samples tested negative for citrus yellow vein clearing virus, citrus tristeza virus, citrus tatter leaf virus, satsuma dwarf virus, and citrus exocortis viroid by reverse transcription PCR. The complete CCDaV genome was amplified from three randomly collected field samples (Tha1-17, Tha1-19, and Tha30) using two pairs of previously described primers, 1409fw/341rev and 221fw/1542rev (Loconsole et al. 2012). The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MN509440 to MN509442. In pairwise comparisons, the three CCDaV isolates from Thailand shared 99.5 to 99.6% complete genome identities with each other and 99.1 to 99.7% identities with corresponding sequences of 12 CCDaV isolates (JQ920490, KF561253, KX840467 to KX840470, and MG566050 to MG566055) previously reported from Turkey and China. Phylogenetic analysis of these 15 genomic sequences showed that the CCDaV isolates from Thailand clustered into the same clade as isolates from Turkey and apart from isolates from China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCDaV in Thailand. Our finding emphasizes the need for CCDaV indexing in production and distribution of pathogen-free citrus plants in Thailand.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Guo, J., et al. 2015. Plant Dis. 99:1287. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-15-0011-PDN Link, Google ScholarKorkmaz, S., et al. 1995. Plant Dis. 79:1074. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-79-1074C Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLoconsole, G., et al. 2012. Virology 432:162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2012.06.005 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarZ. Yang and L. Zhang contributed equally to this work.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFD1001802), Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (CN) (B18044), Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology (cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0557) and Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under grant 2018GXNSFBA050027.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 4 April 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionDisease symptoms of leaves of the peach cultivar Royal Bell caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (R. Iličić and T. Popović). Photo credit: R. Iličić. Symptoms of chilli yellow ringspot virus on a chilli pepper plant (K. Y. Zheng et al.). Photo credit: J. H. Dong. Metrics Downloaded 1,132 times Article History Issue Date: 3 Apr 2020Published: 6 Feb 2020First Look: 12 Dec 2019Accepted: 9 Dec 2019 Page: 1262 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 2019YFD1001802Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (CN)Grant/Award Number: B18044Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier TechnologyGrant/Award Number: cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0557Guangxi Natural Science FoundationGrant/Award Number: 2018GXNSFBA050027KeywordsCitrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virusviruses and viroidsfruittree fruitsepidemiologydisease development and spreadThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited ByExotic and Emergent Citrus Viruses Relevant to the Mediterranean Region31 August 2021 | Agriculture, Vol. 11, No. 9