GIS and BIM as Integrated Digital Environments for Modeling and Monitoring of Historic Buildings

TLDR

Multidisciplinary data integration is essential for rehabilitation projects, requiring comprehensive information on preservation, decision‑making, and structural integrity across multiple construction phases of historic buildings. The study presents a methodology for elaborating multidisciplinary data within 2D and 3D information systems, combining GIS thematic maps and HBIM to support historic building assessment. The approach acquires, classifies, and manages multisensory data in a GIS, aggregates it with surveying products to generate 3D HBIM, and evaluates the methodology qualitatively and quantitatively in both 2D and 3D environments to aid structural assessment. Applied to Villa Klonaridi in Athens, the methodology produced representative results demonstrating its effectiveness for historic building monitoring.

Abstract

Multidisciplinary data integration within an information system is considered a key point for rehabilitation projects. Information regarding the state of preservation and/or decision making, for sustainable restoration is prerequisite. In addition, achieving structural integrity of a historic building, especially one that has undergone many construction phases and restoration interventions, is a very elaborate task and should, therefore, involve the study of multidisciplinary information regarding historical, architectural, building material and geometric data. In this paper the elaboration of such data within 2D and 3D information systems is described. Through the process described herein, a methodology, including the acquisition, classification and management of various multisensory data, is displayed and applied within a geographic information system (GIS). Moreover, the multidisciplinary documentation process, aggregated with the surveying products, generates 3D heritage building information modeling (HBIM), including information regarding construction phases, pathology and current state of preservation of a building. The assessment of the applied methodology is performed concluding in a qualitative and a quantitative manner, in both 2D and 3D environments, providing information to facilitate the structural assessment of a historic building. Thus, in this work, the described methodology is presented, combining the multidisciplinary data with the development of GIS thematic maps and an HBIM. Representative results of the suggested methodology applied on the historic building of Villa Klonaridi, Athens, Greece are displayed.