Exposure to the US Criminal Legal System and Well-Being: A 2018 Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

<i>Objectives.</i> To assess the association between exposure to the US criminal legal system and well-being.<i>Methods.</i> We used data from the 2018 Family History of Incarceration Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study of family incarceration experience (n = 2815), which includes measures of participants' own criminal legal system exposure, including police stops, arrests, and incarceration. We measured well-being across 5 domains-physical, mental, social, spiritual, and overall life evaluation-and analyzed trends in well-being by criminal legal system exposure using logistic regression.<i>Results.</i> Exposure to police stops, arrests, and incarceration were each associated with lower well-being in every domain compared with those not exposed. Longer durations of incarceration and multiple incarcerations were associated with progressively lower well-being. Those who were stopped and frisked by the police had low well-being similar to that of those who had been incarcerated multiple times.<i>Conclusions.</i> Any exposure to police contact or incarceration is associated with lower well-being in every domain. More involved exposure is associated with even lower well-being.<i>Public Health Implications.</i> Jail diversion and broader criminal justice reform may improve population-level well-being by reducing police contact and incarceration.