European Transport Research Review · 2020 · 27 citations · 19 references
EngineeringAutonomous SystemsOptimizationTransportTransportationElectric Vehicle SimulationEnergy Management StrategiesEnergy System ModelingGenetic AlgorithmsTransportation ModelsVehicle SchedulingEnergy ConsumptionEnergy-consumption ModelingEnergy-optimal ControlGenetic Algorithm OptimizationSpeedSpeed Profile OptimizationUrban Energy ConsumptionVehicle Speed Profile Optimization
Abstract Background and methods This paper addresses, in simulation, energy minimization of an autonomous electric minibus operating in an urban environment. Two different case studies have been considered, each involving a total of 10 different 2?km bus routes and two different average speeds. In the proposed method, the minibus follows an optimized speed profile, generated using a genetic algorithm. Results In the first case study the vehicle was able to reduce its energy consumption by around 7 to 12% relative to a baseline case in which it maintains a constant speed between stops, with short acceleration and deceleration phases. In the second case study, involving mass variation (passengers entering and alighting) it was demonstrated that the number of round trips that can be completed on a single battery charge is increased by around 10% using the proposed method.
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