Impact of chemical reaction and double stratification on heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluid flow over porous stretching sheet with thermal radiation

Abstract

This article analyses heat and mass transfer characteristics of the steady and unsteady cases of nanofluid flow over a stretched surface embedded in a porous medium by taking chemical reaction, thermal radiation, magnetic field, thermal stratification and solutal stratification into account. Partial differential equations representing the boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer are reduced into ordinary differential equations using the similarity variable technique and solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. A parametric analysis of all pertinent parameters is accompanied and a descriptive set of numerical results for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the skin-friction parameter, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are demonstrated through graphs and tables. It is determined that temperature profiles deteriorate as thermal stratification parameter (St) raises; furthermore, the concentration profiles also decline when the solutal stratification parameter (Sm) escalates.