Difficulties of access to health services among non-institutionalized older adults: prevalence and associated factors

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the difficulties of access to health services among non-institutionalized older adults in the town of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: A cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort of community-dwelling older adults was carried out in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was performed in the homes of the older adults between November 2016 and February 2017. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables and access to and use of health services were evaluated. Bivariate analyzes (Pearson’s chi-squared test) were conducted, adopting a level of significance lower than 0.20 for inclusion of the independent variables in the multiple model. The final model was generated by Poisson regression analysis, with robust variance, and the variables maintained were associated with difficulty in using the health services up to a level of significance of 0.05 (p<0.05). Results: 394 older adults participated in this study, 33% of whom reported difficulties with access. In multiple analysis, greater difficulty of access was registered among older adults without a partner; who could not read; were frail and had a negative self-perception of health. Older adults face greater difficulties with access when seeking public services. Conclusion: A high perception of difficulty with access was identified, determined by social and physical aspects inherent to aging, and which may be worsened by the characteristics of public services. There is a need for investments in the health care of older adults, in order to guarantee care that promotes healthy aging.