Advantageous Functional Integration of Adsorption‐Intercalation‐Conversion Hybrid Mechanisms in 3D Flexible Nb₂O₅@Hard Carbon@MoS₂@Soft Carbon Fiber Paper Anodes for Ultrafast and Super‐Stable Sodium Storage

Abstract

Abstract Using synergetic effects of various sodium storage modes and materials to construct high power, high energy, and long cycling flexible sodium anode materials is significant and still challenging. Here, by advantageous functional integration of adsorption‐intercalation‐conversion sodium storage mechanisms, a 3D flexible fiber paper anode with the composition of Nb 2 O 5 @hard carbon@MoS 2 @soft carbon is designed and prepared. Based on the synergetic effects, it exhibits higher specific capacity than pure Nb 2 O 5 , with more excellent rate performance (245, 201, 155, 133, and 97 mAh g −1 at the current density of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, and 20 A g −1 , respectively) than pure MoS 2 as well as admirable long‐term cycling characteristics (≈82% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles at 5 A g −1 ). Relevant kinetics mechanisms are expounded in detail. This work can be helpful for preparing other types of hybrid and flexible electrodes for energy storage systems.