A Comprehensive Tyrosine Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Novel Components of the Platelet CLEC-2 Signaling Cascade

Abstract

C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) plays a crucial role in different platelet-related physiological and pathological processes. It signals through a tyrosine kinase-mediated pathway that is highly dependent on the positive feedback exerted by the platelet-derived secondary mediators, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂). Here, we aimed to analyze the tyrosine phosphoproteome of platelets activated with the CLEC-2 agonist rhodocytin to identify relevant phosphorylated tyrosine residues (p-Tyr) and proteins involved in platelet activation downstream of this receptor. We identified 363 differentially p-Tyr residues, corresponding to the majority of proteins previously known to participate in CLEC-2 signaling and also novel ones, including adaptors (e.g., DAPP1, Dok1/3, CASS4, Nck1/2), kinases/phosphatases (e.g., FAK1, FES, FGR, JAK2, SHIP2), and membrane proteins (e.g., G6F, JAM-A, PECAM-1, TLT-1). To elucidate the contribution of ADP and TXA₂ at different points of the CLEC-2 signaling cascade, we evaluated p-Tyr levels of residues identified in the analysis and known to be essential for the catalytic activity of kinases Syk(p-Tyr^525+526) and Src(p-Tyr⁴¹⁹), and for PLCγ2 activity (p-Tyr⁷⁵⁹). We demonstrated that Syk phosphorylation at Tyr^525+526 also happens in the presence of ADP and TXA₂ inhibitors, which is not the case for Src-pTyr⁴¹⁹ and PLCγ2-pTyr⁷⁵⁹. Kinetics studies for the three phosphoproteins show some differences in the phosphorylation profile. Ca²⁺ mobilization assays confirmed the relevance of ADP and TXA₂ for full CLEC-2-mediated platelet activation. The present study provides significant insights into the intracellular events that take place following CLEC-2 activation in platelets, contributing to elucidate in detail the CLEC-2 signalosome.