In Depth Analysis of Photovoltaic Performance of Chlorophyll Derivative-Based “All Solid-State” Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract

Chlorophyll <i>a</i> derivatives were integrated in "all solid-state" dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with a mesoporous TiO₂ electrode and 2',2',7,7'-tetrakis[<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene as the hole-transport material. Despite modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) between 0.26% and 0.55% achieved for these chlorin dyes, a systematic investigation was carried out in order to elucidate their main limitations. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the parameters (structure, nature of the anchoring group, adsorption …) and their relationship with the PCEs, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, optical and photovoltaic studies and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis exploiting the 4-carboxy-TEMPO spin probe were combined. The recombination kinetics, the frontier molecular orbitals of these DSSCs and the adsorption efficiency onto the TiO₂ surface were found to be the key parameters that govern their photovoltaic response.