Hazard Mapping of Subterranean Termite Attacks in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Termites are distributed throughout the world and often cause economic losses. This study aims to; (1) analyze the relationship between the distribution of termite species and the environmental conditions of Makassar city; (2) determine the level of attack in the Makassar City; and (3) map the risk of termite attack in the Makassar City. Samples of Pinus merkusii (2 × 2 × 20 cm) were placed at 13 observation stations and covered using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes (4″ in diameter, 25-cm in length). Samples remained in place for 6 months, at which point the presence of termite attacks as well as their intensity and frequency were analyzed. Three species of termites were found among the 13 stations: Schedorhinotermes sp., Coptotermes gestroi, and Microcerotermes serrula. Their presence was significantly influenced by environmental factors at each station. The study results showed a low rate of attack in several subdistricts of Bontoala, Biring Kanaya, Makassar, Mamajang, Mariso, Manggala, Panakukang, Rappocini, Tallo, Tamalanrea, Tamalate, Ujung Pandang, Ujung Tanah, and Wajo districts. A medium level of attacks was found in subdistricts within Biring Kanaya, Manggala, Mamajang, Panakukang, Rappocini, and Tallo Districts. Finally, a high risk of termite attacks was present in several subdistricts of Biringkanaya, Tamalantera, Rappocini, Manggala, and Tamalate districts.