Ameliorative Effect of Carob Pods Extract (Ceratonia siliqua L.) against Cyclophosphamide Induced Alterations in Bone Marrow and Spleen of Rats

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) belongs to the anticancer drugs that exhibit potentially life-threatening effects on the immune and hematopoietic systems. The study aimed to assess efficiency of carob pods extract against the adverse CYP effect on spleen and lymphatic tissues which are the most sensitive components of immune system. In the present study, the hematological indices and markers of oxidative stress were assessed. In addition, the native protein, lipoprotein patterns, calcium moiety of native protein, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (GPx), -and esterase (EST) isoenzymes and genomic DNA patterns were electrophoretically detected in both of bone marrow and spleen tissues. It was verified that CYP caused significant (P<0.05) decline in the hematological measurements which restored in all carob treated groups. Furthermore, all native electrophoretic patterns and isoenzymes in the bone marrow and spleen tissues illustrated that the lowest similarity index (SI %) was noticed in the CYP-treated group. The carob extract increased the SI % through restoring the absent normal bands and hiding the abnormal ones in all carob treated groups. Moreover, CYP induced cleavage of the genomic DNA and the carob extract maintained integrity of the genomic DNA in spleen tissue.