Plasma-assisted electrochemical synthesis of monodisperse Au and Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticles

Abstract

The synthesis of well defined nanoparticles with green chemistry has been an area of intense investigation, but still requires development. In this study, we propose a novel approach for controlling the particle size and distribution through diffusion-controlled growth of plasma-assisted electrochemical synthesis. The continuous, controlled addition of an Au precursor with syringe pump successfully controls the particle size in the range of 50-300 nm with a monodisperse size distribution. Moreover, gold nanoparticles can be formed successfully without any stabilizer and reducing agent. Through optimization of the reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature, discharge current of the microplasma, pH, and concentration of D-(-)-fructose, we verify two distinct feature of diffusion-controlled growth that the particle growth is good agreement of theoretical growth rate (r ∼ t ^1/3) and the formed gold nanoparticles exhibit polyhedral or near-spherical shapes. This method has been applied to synthesize Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles and control the Ag shell thickness.