Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

TLDR

Human population growth, resource exploitation, and climate change threaten all animals, prompting urgent reconsideration of our relationships with animals used for food, work, companionship, and research, and underscoring the need for one health, one welfare, and one biology frameworks that incorporate animal welfare in terms of health, emotional state, comfort, and social behavior. The study aims to illustrate human–domesticated animal relationships in environmental contexts, including zoonotic disease, and to emphasize that exploitation must consider ethical consequences and emerging paradigms. The review examines domesticated animals such.

Abstract

Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness.