Photoactive Metal–Organic Framework for the Reduction of Aryl Halides by the Synergistic Effect of Consecutive Photoinduced Electron-Transfer and Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer Processes

Abstract

Consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) has advantages on overcoming the current energetic limitation of visible-light photoredox catalysis for utilizing the energies of two photons in one catalytic cycle. A heterogeneous approach for radical chain reduction of various aryl bromides and chlorides without adding any cocatalyst is introduced by incorporating polyoxometalates (POMs) and amine catalysts into a naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based polymer. CoW-<b>DPNDI</b>-<b>PYI</b> exhibits high activity in the photocatalytic reduction of aryl halides by the synergistic effects of ConPET and hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) processes and an enzyme-mimicking CO₂ cycloaddition reaction. The ConPET process with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)naphthalenediimide (<b>DPNDI</b>) facilitates effective solar energy conversion. POMs and amine catalysts, as efficient HAT catalysts and electron donors, improve the generation of the ConPET process. The success of this work demonstrates the great application of the synergistic effects of ConPET and HAT processes in heterogeneous photocatalysis C-H arylation.