Challenges and perspectives for manganese‐based oxides for advanced aqueous zinc‐ion batteries

Abstract

Abstract Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent cycling stability and high‐energy densities have already occupied the commercial rechargeable battery market. Unfortunately, the high cost and intrinsic insecurity induced by organic electrolyte severely hinder their applications in large‐scale energy storage. In contrast, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are being developed as an ideal candidate because of their cheapness and high security. Benefiting from high operating voltage and acceptable specific capacity, recently, manganese‐based oxides with different various crystal structures have been extensively studied as cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. This review presents research progress of manganese‐based cathodes in aqueous ZIBs, including various manganese‐based oxides and their zinc storage mechanisms. In addition, we also discuss some optimization strategies that aim at improving the electrochemical performance of manganese‐based cathodes, and the design of flexible aqueous ZIBs based on manganese‐based cathodes (MZIBs). Finally, this review summarizes some valuable research directions, which will promote the further development of aqueous MZIBs. image