Geosmin Attracts Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes to Oviposition Sites

Abstract

Geosmin is one of the most recognizable and common microbial smells on the planet. Some insects, like mosquitoes, require microbial-rich environments for their progeny, whereas for other insects such microbes may prove dangerous. In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, geosmin is decoded in a remarkably precise fashion and induces aversion, presumably signaling the presence of harmful microbes [1Stensmyr M.C. Dweck H.K.M. Farhan A. Ibba I. Strutz A. Mukunda L. Linz J. Grabe V. Steck K. Lavista-Llanos S. et al.A conserved dedicated olfactory circuit for detecting harmful microbes in Drosophila.Cell. 2012; 151: 1345-1357Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (325) Google Scholar]. We have here investigated the effect of geosmin on the behavior of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. In contrast to flies, geosmin is not aversive but mediates egg-laying site selection. Female mosquitoes likely associate geosmin with microbes, including cyanobacteria consumed by larvae [2Vázquez-Martínez M.G. Rodríguez M.H. Arredondo-Jiménez J.I. Méndez-Sanchez J.D. Bond-Compeán J.G. Cold-Morgan M. Cyanobacteria associated with Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) larval habitats in southern Mexico.J. Med. Entomol. 2002; 39: 825-832Crossref PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar], who also find geosmin—as well as geosmin-producing cyanobacteria—attractive. Using in vivo multiphoton calcium imaging from transgenic PUb-GCaMP6s mosquitoes, we show that Ae. aegypti code geosmin in a qualitatively similar fashion to flies, i.e., through a single olfactory channel with a high degree of sensitivity for this volatile. We further demonstrate that geosmin can be used as bait under field conditions, and finally, we show that geosmin, which is both expensive and difficult to obtain, can be substituted by beetroot peel extract, providing a cheap and viable potential mean for mosquito control and surveillance in developing countries.