Social Isolation, Loneliness, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A 10-Year Follow-up Study

Abstract

Social isolation is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with CVD, and the effects are independent of loneliness. These findings expand our knowledge about the impact of social isolation on the outcomes of CVD in non-Western countries. Efforts to reduce isolation may have substantial benefits in terms of mortality in patients with CVD.