Real-time transition dynamics between multi-pulsing states in a mode-locked fiber laser

Abstract

We experimentally studied the transition dynamics between consecutive multi-pulsing states, specifically the build-up and annihilation of soliton pulses between a double pulsing and a three-pulse state, utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform technique. The birth of an additional pulse in a mode-locked soliton fiber laser in a multi-pulsing regime arises from a dispersive wave-induced narrow-band pulse that experiences strong intensity fluctuations, while the other soliton pulses maintain their shapes. During the decaying process to a double pulsing state, it is observed that all the pulses undergo a unique breathing behavior before settling into a steady state.