Phytosynthesis of BiVO4 nanorods using Hyphaene thebaica for diverse biomedical applications

Abstract

Abstract Biosynthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) nanorods was performed using dried fruit extracts of Hyphaene thebaica as a cost effective reducing and stabilizing agent. XRD, DRS, FTIR, zeta potential, Raman, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, EDS and SAED were used to study the main physical properties while the biological properties were established by performing diverse assays. The zeta potential is reported as − 5.21 mV. FTIR indicated Bi–O and V–O vibrations at 640 cm −1 and 700 cm −1 /1120 cm −1 . Characteristic Raman modes were observed at 166 cm −1 , 325 cm −1 and 787 cm −1 . High resolution scanning and transmission electron micrographs revealed a rod like morphology of the BiVO 4 . Bacillus subtilis , Klebsiella pneumonia , Fusarium solani indicated highest susceptibility to the different doses of BiVO 4 nanorods. Significant protein kinase inhibition is reported for BiVO 4 nanorods which suggests their potential anticancer properties. The nanorods revealed good DPPH free radical scavenging potential (48%) at 400 µg/mL while total antioxidant capacity of 59.8 µg AAE/mg was revealed at 400 µg/mL. No antiviral activity is reported on sabin like polio virus. Overall excellent biological properties are reported. We have shown that green synthesis can replace well established processes for synthesizing BiVO 4 nanorods.