Sensitive and Selective Measurement of Serotonin <i>in Vivo</i> Using Fast Cyclic Square-Wave Voltammetry

Abstract

Although N-shaped fast scan cyclic voltammetry (N-FSCV) is well-established as an electroanalytical method to measure extracellular serotonin concentrations <i>in vivo</i>, it is in need of improvement in both sensitivity and selectivity. Based on our previous studies using fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (FCSWV) for <i>in vivo</i> dopamine measurements, we have modified this technique to optimize the detection of serotonin <i>in vivo</i>. A series of large amplitude square-shaped potentials was superimposed onto an N-shaped waveform to provide cycling through multiple redox reactions within the N-shaped waveform to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity to serotonin measurement when combined with a two-dimensional voltammogram. N-Shaped fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (N-FCSWV) showed significantly higher sensitivity to serotonin compared to conventional N-FSCV. In addition, N-FCSWV showed better performance than conventional N-shaped FSCV in differentiating serotonin from its major interferents, dopamine and 5-hydroxyindoleascetic acid (5-HIAA). It was also confirmed that the large amplitude of the square waveform did not influence local neuronal activity, and it could monitor electrical stimulation evoked phasic release of serotonin in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) before and after systemic injection of escitalopram (ESCIT, 10 mg/kg i.p.), a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor.