Zoledronic acid ameliorates the effects of secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Secondary osteoporosis may occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), causing irreversible joint damage and disability. Bisphosphonates, the recently developed bone resorption inhibitors, have demonstrated significant therapeutic effects on senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid (ZOL), with or without methotrexate (MTX), for the prevention and treatment of bone destruction in RA patients. METHODS: We recruited 66 RA patients with symptoms of secondary osteoporosis. They were randomized into three treatment groups-combined treatment with MTX and ZOL, ZOL monotherapy, or MTX monotherapy-in two consecutive 6-month periods. The participants were followed for 12 months. At the end of each treatment period, improvement in disease activity, bone destruction, and fracture risk were evaluated. RESULTS: Combined treatment with ZOL and MTX had significantly better clinical efficacy compared with either ZOL or MTX monotherapy (P < 0.05). The combination significantly improved the lumbar spine and hip BMD and reduced FRAX scores, suggesting that ZOL combined with MTX reduces bone loss and risk of hip fracture in RA patients with secondary osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: ZOL has a synergistic effect when combined with MTX, inhibiting RA disease activity, reducing fracture risk, and improving quality of life in RA patients with secondary osteoporosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019290. Registered 3 November 2018-Retrospective registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj = 31758.