High-performance thermoelectric silver selenide thin films cation exchanged from a copper selenide template

Abstract

Over the past decade, Ag₂Se has attracted increasing attention due to its potentially excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance as an n-type semiconductor. It has been considered a promising alternative to Bi-Te alloys and other commonly used yet toxic and/or expensive TE materials. To optimize the TE performance of Ag₂Se, recent research has focused on fabricating nanosized Ag₂Se. However, synthesizing Ag₂Se nanoparticles involves energy-intensive and time-consuming techniques with poor yield of final product. In this work, we report a low-cost, solution-processed approach that enables the formation of Ag₂Se thin films from Cu_2-<i>x</i> Se template films <i>via</i> cation exchange at room temperature. Our simple two-step method involves fabricating Cu_2-<i>x</i> Se thin films by the thiol-amine dissolution of bulk Cu₂Se, followed by soaking Cu_2-<i>x</i> Se films in AgNO₃ solution and annealing to form Ag₂Se. We report an average power factor (PF) of 617 ± 82 μW m^-1 K^-2 and a corresponding <i>ZT</i> value of 0.35 at room temperature. We obtained a maximum PF of 825 μW m^-1 K^-2 and a <i>ZT</i> value of 0.46 at room temperature for our best-performing Ag₂Se thin-film after soaking for 5 minutes. These high PFs have been achieved <i>via</i> full solution processing without hot-pressing.