Fungus-mediated Extracellular Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Nanoparticles Using Standard <i>Penicillium</i> Species and Their Preliminary Bactericidal Potential: A Novel Biological Approach to Nanoparticle Synthesis.

Abstract

species were able to synthesize zirconium NPs extracellularly with spherical morphology below 100 nm. Moreover, the preliminary antibacterial activity of zirconium NPs represented considerable antibacterial potential against Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, the current study demonstrated a novel bio-based approach for preparation of zirconium NPs. Further studies are required to expend this laboratory-based investigation to an industrial scale owing to their superiorities over traditional physicochemical methods such as cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness.