Scale-Up Synthesis of Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals (MAPbX₃, X = Cl, Br, and I)

Abstract

Ligand-assisted ball milling has attracted lot of attention due to its ability for the scalable synthesis of nanoscale organic–inorganic perovskite (OIP) materials. We found that this technique can be successfully extended for the formation of ternary OIP nanocrystals (NCs) as well as doping of transition-metal cations into the host OIP NCs. Here, a wide range of compositional variation of halogen anions (X = Cl–, Br–, I–) as well as doping of transition-metal cations (Mn2+) could be achieved by ligand-assisted ball milling, demonstrating that the strategies for cation/anion exchange can be applied to the large-scale synthesis of OIP NCs to control their photoluminescence emission and bandgap energies. Therefore, this technique provides a low-cost and facile route for mass production of exfoliated OIP NCs to overcome the most prominent challenges for future advances of OIP materials.