Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of ellagic acid-3,3′,4-trimethoxy-4′-<i>O</i>-α-L-rhamnopyranoside isolated from <i>Hopea parviflora</i> in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Hopea parviflora resulted in the isolation of 9 compounds; which includes friedelin (1), friedelin-3β-ol (2), (-)-ampelopsin A (3), (-)-ɛ-viniferin (4), (-)-hopeaphenol (5), vaticaphenol A (6), 2,4,8-trihydroxyphenanthrene-2-O-glucoside (7), ellagic acid-3,3’,4-trimethoxy-4’-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (9). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are isolated for the first time from this species. Further, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. In this study, compound 8 inhibited the activity of proinflammatory mediators like NO, TNF-α, IL-6, 5-LOX and COX-2, also promoted the action of anti-inflammatory mediator like IL-10 via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.