A Single-Layer Dual-Polarized Differentially Fed Patch Antenna With Enhanced Gain and Bandwidth Operating at Dual Compressed High-Order Modes Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

Abstract

A dual-polarized and dual compressed high-order-mode patch antenna is proposed for enhancing gain and bandwidth using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). First, a rectangular patch operating at a TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">03</sub> mode against different compressibility is investigated. The CMA shows that the properly selected compressibility, namely the ratio of wavelength in free space to guided wavelength, can be used to enhance the gain of the proposed antenna. Next, the operating bandwidth of the proposed patch can be enhanced using vias to shift the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">05</sub> mode close to the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">03</sub> mode. Finally, as an example, the proposed patch antenna is designed for a dual polarized application. A prototype experimentally validates the principle and the design approach. The measurements show that the gain of the proposed compressed patch is higher than 9.6 dBi over the desired operating band of 4.8-5 GHz of 5G communication networks.