The Effects of Flavomycin and Colistin Sulfate Pre-Treatment on Ileal Bacterial Community Composition, the Response to Salmonella typhimurium and Host Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The composition of the bacterial community affects the intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of flavomycin and colistin sulfate on the resistance to <i>Salmonella</i> <i>typhimurium</i> infection, ileal bacteria and intestinal health. In total, 396 1-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups. Two groups were fed each one of the diets-the control diet (CON), the flavomycin at 10 mg/kg diet (AntiG+), and the colistin sulfate at 40 mg/kg diet (AntiG-), for 5 days. Then, one of each of the two groups was challenged with <i>S.</i> <i>typhimurium</i> on the 8th day; these were named CONS, AntiG+S and AntiG-S, respectively. The results showed that <i>S.</i> <i>typhimurium</i> significantly reduced the feed intake and body weight gain, and increased the feed conversion ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It also increased the inflammatory expressions of <i>NF-</i><i>κB</i> and <i>MyD88</i> genes (<i>p</i> < 0.05); and reduced the expressions of <i>claudin</i><i>-1</i>, <i>occludin</i> and <i>mucin</i><i>-2</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) tight junction genes in the intestines. <i>S.</i> <i>typhimurium</i> significantly reduced ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species, chao1 and Shannon (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with AntiG+S group, AntiG-S group increased the body weight gain of broiler chickens (<i>p</i> < 0.05), reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate (<i>p</i> < 0.05). AntiG-S group also improved the ileal bacterial diversity indexes of observed-species and Shannon (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were many significant correlations between intestinal bacteria, intestinal gene expressions and intestinal morphology (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study indicated that pre-constructed AntiG- bacteria could against a <i>S.</i> <i>typhimurium</i> infection by inhibiting the expressions of intestinal inflammation genes and increasing the diversity of intestinal bacteria.