Staging Na/K-ion de-/intercalation of graphite retrieved from spent Li-ion batteries: <i>in operando</i> X-ray diffraction studies and an advanced anode material for Na/K-ion batteries

Abstract

The exhausted graphite from spent Li-ion batteries is recycled and reused as a favorable anode for Na/K-ion batteries, and the insights into structural de-/intercalation model are realized.