A Green Nanopalladium-Supported Catalyst for the Microwave-Assisted Direct Synthesis of Xanthones

Abstract

We report an efficient, selective, rapid and eco-friendly protocol for the one-step synthesis of a small xanthone library via an intermolecular catalytic coupling from readily available salicylaldehydes and 1,2-dihaloarenes under ligand-free conditions. To achieve this advantageous direct annulation, we used a novel recoverable palladium nanocatalyst supported on a green biochar under microwave irradiation. Unlike other existing palladium-based approaches, our synthetic strategy showed a greater operational simplicity, drastic reduction in reaction times, and an excellent tolerance to diverse functional groups. The reaction proceeds in very good yields and with high regioselectivity. The novel heterogeneous catalyst can be recycled and reused up to four times without significant loss of activity.