A Facile Route for Constructing Effective Cu−N_<i>x</i> Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract

The coordination number between copper and nitrogen in copper/nitrogen-based electrocatalysts is important for boosting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, it is difficult to control unsaturated copper/nitrogen constructions as well as to compare their ORR performances in similar carbon matrices in a simple yet efficient manner. In this study, we have easily attained two types of Cu⁺ -N₂ and Cu²⁺ -N₄ constructions simply by etching pyrolyzed Cu-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoleaves (Cu-ZIF-L) with sulfuric acid or nitric acid, respectively. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were recorded to further confirm the different copper/nitrogen constructions after the different acid treatments. Electrochemical studies have demonstrated that Cu⁺ -N₂ sites are more active in boosting the ORR performance than Cu²⁺ -N₄ sites. Furthermore, Cu-N/C-H₂ SO₄ , used as an air cathode in a zinc-air battery, exhibited excellent performance and stability.