Postoperative hemorrhage during the acute phase after direct or combined revascularization for moyamoya disease: risk factors, prognosis, and literature review

Abstract

Preoperative hypertension, CTP stage > III, and posterior circulation involvement are independent risk factors for postoperative ICH after direct or combined revascularization for MMD. After appropriate perioperative management, postoperative ICH has no significant correlations with the postoperative short-term and long-term neurofunctional status.