Designing a maximum power point tracking system for a monocrystalline silcion solar module using the Arduino microcontroller and synchronous Buck converter

Abstract

Maximised power output and efficiency in a photovoltaic (PV) system for specific conditions can be obtained by using a maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT). Many tracking algorithms have been developed for this purpose. This paper presents the design and methodology used to create a photovoltaic charge controller that uses the algorithm developed for maximum power point tracking. The charge controller presented in this work is not only designed to maximise the power from the solar module but also contains added features that make the system beneficial to the researcher. The suggested system has used Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT method for the design and implementation. In this technique, the controller delivers the PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal using the Arduino microcontroller to regulate the voltage. A DC-DC (direct current-direct current) synchronous Buck converter is used to interface the PV module with the load. The results are gained for two systems:using a microprocessor controlled MPPT operating from a PV module, and a PV module connecting directly to the load. It is found that the MPPT is effective, providing the highest power to the operating load under changing outdoor conditions. The experimental results indicate that for cloudy days, it is suitable to use MPPT control, which that will enhance the PV production power compared to situation in which the PV module is directly connected to a fixed resistance.