Recent progress of reinforcement materials: a comprehensive overview of composite materials

TLDR

Composite materials, emerging in the mid‑20th century, are a leading research focus due to their high strength‑to‑weight ratio, resistance to chemicals, fire, corrosion, wear, and economical production, enabling widespread use in aerospace, automotive, construction, sports, and biomedical fields. This review aims to survey composite materials, covering their characterization, classification, and key advantages in physical and mechanical properties. The survey draws on recent studies, detailing conventional manufacturing techniques and applications of composites. The review emphasizes the urgent need to develop next‑generation composites that combine synthetic or natural constituents and employ more efficient manufacturing processes.

Abstract

Emerged in the middle of 20th century, composite materials are now one of the hotspot research topics in the modern technology. Their promising characteristics make them suitable for enormous applications in industrial field such as aerospace, automotive, construction, sports, bio-medical and many others. These materials reveal remarkable structural and mechanical properties such as high strength to weight ratio, resistance to chemicals, fire, corrosion and wear; being economical to manufacture. Herein, an overview of composite materials, their characterization, classification and main advantages linked to physical and mechanical properties based on the recent studies are presented. There, were presented the conventional manufacturing techniques of composite and their applications. It was highlighted the tremendous need to discovery new generation of composites that should incorporate the synthetic or natural materials by implementing new efficient manufacturing processes. In the combination of matrix and reinforcement materials, the use of natural materials as constituent are compulsory in order to obtain a complete material degradable as environmentally friendly.