Super-Resolution Visualization of Self-Assembling Helical Fibers Using Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens in Stimulated Emission Depletion Nanoscopy

Abstract

Organic fluorophores for stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy usually suffer from quenched emission in the aggregate state and inferior photostability, which largely limit their application in real-time, <i>in situ</i>, and long-term imaging at an ultrahigh resolution. Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen of DP-TBT with bright emission in solid state (photoluminescence quantum yields = 25%) and excellent photostability was designed to meet the requirements in STED nanoscopy. In addition to its excellent fluorescence properties, DP-TBT could also easily form self-assembling helixes and finally be well-visualized by super-resolution STED nanoscopy. The observations showed that helical fibers of DP-TBT as dashed lines had a much decreased fiber width with also a full width at half-maximum value of only 178 nm, which is ∼6 times higher than solid lines obtained by confocal microscopy (1154 nm). The STED nanoscopic data were also used to reconstruct 3D images of assembled helixes. Finally, by long-term tracking and dynamic monitoring, the formation and growth of helical fibers by DP-TBT in self-assembly processes were successfully obtained. These findings imply that highly emissive AIEgens with good photostability are highly suitable for real-time, <i>in situ</i>, and dynamic imaging at super-resolution using STED nanoscopy.