Investigation of Structural, Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics Co-Doped with Bismuth and Yttrium

Abstract

Bismuth and Yttrium co-doped Barium Titanate (BaTiO 3 ) ceramics with the general formula (Ba[Formula: see text]Bi X ) (Y x Ti[Formula: see text]) O 3 (where [Formula: see text], 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) have been synthesized at 1300 ∘ C for 3[Formula: see text]h by the standard solid-state reaction method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Impedance Analyzer. Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of the samples were also measured. The XRD result revealed perovskite structure for un-doped and co-doped BaTiO 3 with tetragonal phase. However, with increasing doping concentration, a Pseudo cubic phase occurs also confirmed by the twin peaks (002) and (200) of XRD pattern. From SEM micrograph, submicron size particles were observed for all synthesized BaTiO 3 samples and exhibit a narrow size distribution with quiet uniform morphology. The crystalline size for un-doped BaTiO 3 found was 24.26[Formula: see text]nm, the size decreases (minimum 19.59[Formula: see text]nm for [Formula: see text]) for all compositions of co-doped BaTiO 3 . Dielectric constant values were apparently high and direct current (DC) resistivity follows a decreasing trend at higher doping concentration. The sample doped with [Formula: see text] shows minimum DC resistivity and maximum dielectric constant among the samples investigated.