Rhythmic Features of Movement Synchrony for Bonding Individuals in Dyadic Interaction

TLDR

Prior work shows synchrony acts as social glue; this study extends it by examining how fast versus slow tempos affect movement synchrony. The study investigates how rhythmic movement features influence bonding between individuals and proposes a theoretical contribution to interpersonal coordination. The authors conducted two studies with same‑sex stranger and friend dyads, video‑recording 5‑ to 6‑minute chats and assessing synchrony via cross‑wavelet coherence. Study 1 revealed that rapport correlated with synchrony at slow (≤0.025 Hz) and moderate (0.5–1.5 Hz) frequencies, while Study 2 showed that 0.5–1.5 Hz synchrony predicted motivation to build friendships only with strangers, suggesting a distinct bonding rhythm moderated by pre‑existing friendship, with relative phase having no effect.

Abstract

Abstract This study examined ways in which rhythmic features of movement contribute to bonding between individuals. Though previous studies have described synchrony as a form of social glue, this research extends those findings to consider the impact of fast versus slow tempo on movement synchrony. This two-part experiment examined dyadic interactions as they occurred between same-sex strangers (Study 1) and friends (Study 2). Participants were video-recorded as they engaged in 5- or 6-min chats, and synchrony was evaluated using wavelet transform via calculations of cross-wavelet coherence. Study 1 employed regression commonality analysis and hierarchical linear modeling and found that among various frequency bands, rapport between individuals was positively associated with synchrony under 0.025 Hz (i.e., slower than once every 40 s) and 0.5–1.5 Hz (i.e., once every 0.67–2 s). On the contrary, Study 2 determined that synchrony of 0.5–1.5 Hz was not impactful among friend dyads and only predictive of the motivation to cultivate a friendly relationship during interactions with strangers. These results indicate the existence of a distinctive rhythm for bonding individuals, and the role of pre-existing friendship as a moderator of the bonding effect of synchrony. However, the role of relative phase (i.e., timing of movement; same versus opposite timing) remains unclear, as the ratio of in- and anti-phase patterning had no significant influence on perceived rapport and motivation to develop relationships. On the basis of the research results, a theoretical contribution is proposed to the study of interpersonal coordination.