The Development and Validation of the Compassion Scale

Abstract

This article presents a measure of compassion for others called the Compassion Scale (CS), which is based on Neff's theoretical model of self-compassion. Compassion was operationalized as experiencing kindness, a sense of common humanity, mindfulness, and lessened indifference toward the suffering of others. Study 1 (<i>n</i> = 465) describes the development of potential scale items and the final 16 CS items chosen based on results from analyses using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling. Study 2 (<i>n</i> = 510) cross-validates the CS in a second student sample. Study 3 (<i>n</i> = 80) establishes test-retest reliability. Study 4 (<i>n</i> = 1,394) replicates results with a community sample, while Study 5 (<i>n</i> = 172) replicates results with a sample of meditators. Study 6 (<i>n</i> = 913) examines the finalized version of the CS in a community sample. Evidence regarding reliability, discriminant, convergent, construct, and known-groups validity for the CS is provided.