Emergence of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain: phylogeny, resistome, virulence and plasmids encoding blaNDM-like genes as determined by WGS

Abstract

In recent years NDM-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli have emerged in Spain; the spread of a few high-risk K. pneumoniae clones such as ST437/NDM-7, ST437/NDM-1, ST147/NDM-1, ST11/NDM-1 and ST101/NDM-1 have caused several interregional outbreaks. In contrast, the spread of NDM-producing E. coli has been polyclonal. Plasmid types IncFII, IncFIB, IncX3, IncR, IncN and IncC carried blaNDM, and the same IncX3 plasmid was detected in K. pneumoniae and E. coli.