Epidemiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus in Raw Goat Milk in Shaanxi Province, China

Abstract

Goat milk has been frequently implicated in staphylococcal food poisoning. The potential risk of raw goat milk contaminated by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) in Shaanxi province of China is still not well documented. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, as well as virulence-related genes of <i>S. aureus</i> from raw goat milk samples in Shaanxi, China. A total of 68 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were cultured from 289 raw goat milk. Most of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, although 41.18%, 33.82%, and 29.41% of the isolates expressed resistance to piperacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Our data demonstrated that 91.18% of the isolates produced biofilm, of which 54.41% isolates belonged to high-biofilm producers. In addition, genotypic analysis of biofilm related genes (<i>fnbA, clfB, fnbB, cna</i>) revealed that 91.18% of the isolates harbored at least one of the genes, in which the most prevalent genes were <i>fnbA</i> (66. 17%), <i>clfB</i> (48.53%), and <i>fnbB</i> (26.47%). 94.8% of the isolates contained at least one toxin-related gene, of which <i>seb</i> (76.47%), <i>tsst</i> (36.76%), and <i>sea</i> (23.53%) genes were the more frequently detected. Further analysis revealed a positive association between <i>fnbA</i>, <i>clfB</i>, <i>fnbB</i>, <i>seb</i>, <i>tsst,</i> and <i>sea</i> genes and certain antibiotic resistance. The results indicated that raw goat milk samples contaminated by <i>S. aureus</i> can be a potential risk to public health.