2D Titania–Carbon Superlattices Vertically Encapsulated in 3D Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Embedded with 0D TiO₂ Quantum Dots for Exceptional Sodium‐Ion Storage

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) superlattices offer promising technological opportunities in tuning the intercalation chemistry of metal ions. Now, well-ordered 2D superlattices of monolayer titania and carbon with tunable interlayer-spacing are synthesized by a molecularly mediated thermally induced approach. The 2D superlattices are vertically encapsulated in hollow carbon nanospheres, which are embedded with TiO₂ quantum dots, forming a 0D-2D-3D multi-dimensional architecture. The multi-dimensional architecture with the 2D superlattices encapsulated inside exhibits a near zero-strain characteristic and enriched electrochemical reactivity, achieving a highly efficient Na⁺ storage performance with exceptional rate capability and superior long-term cyclability.