Robust stimulated Raman exact passage using shaped pulses

Abstract

We developed single-shot shaped pulses for ultrahigh (UH)-fidelity population transfer on a three-level quantum system in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. To ensure high fidelity, we use the Lewis-Riesenfeld (L-R) method to derive a family of solutions leading to an exact transfer, where the solutions follow a single dynamical mode of the L-R invariant. Among this family, we identify a tracking solution with a single parameter to control simultaneously the fidelity of the transfer, the population of the excited state, and robustness. We define a measure of the robustness of an UH-fidelity transfer as the minimum percentile deviation on the pulse areas at which the infidelity rises above ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$. The robustness of our shaped pulses is found to be superior to that of Gaussian and adiabatically optimized pulses for moderate pulse areas.