CCN1 interlinks integrin and hippo pathway to autoregulate tip cell activity

Abstract

CCN1 (CYR61) stimulates active angiogenesis in various tumours, although the mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that CCN1 is a key regulator of endothelial tip cell activity in angiogenesis. Microvessel networks and directional vascular cell migration patterns were deformed in <i>ccn1</i>-knockdown zebrafish embryos. CCN1 activated VEGFR2 and downstream MAPK/PI3K signalling pathways, YAP/TAZ, as well as Rho effector mDia1 to enhance tip cell activity and CCN1 itself. VEGFR2 interacted with integrin αvβ3 through CCN1. Integrin αvβ3 inhibitor repressed tip cell number and sprouting in postnatal retinas from endothelial cell-specific <i>Ccn1</i> transgenic mice, and allograft tumours in <i>Ccn1</i> transgenic mice showed hyperactive vascular sprouting. Cancer patients with high <i>CCN1</i> expression have poor survival outcomes and positive correlation with <i>ITGAV and ITGB3</i> and high <i>YAP/WWTR1</i>. Thus, our data underscore the positive feedback regulation of tip cells by CCN1 through integrin αvβ3/VEGFR2 and increased YAP/TAZ activity, suggesting a promising therapeutic intervention for pathological angiogenesis.