Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · 2019 · 42 citations · 53 references
MedicineImmunologyOphthalmologyOcular DiseaseOcular ImmunologyOcular PathologyDiabetic RetinopathyImmunopathology Of The EyeOcular Cytokine BiologyRetinal ImmunologyRetinal PathologyRetinal Vascular DiseaseAngiogenic BiomarkersCytokine Signaling At The Blood-retinal BarrierDiabetic Retinopathy CytokinesDiabetic Retinopathy ImmunologyDiabetic Retinopathy ProgressionM2 Macrophage PhenotypesM2-like Macrophage ActivationWestern Blot Analysis
PURPOSE: M2 macrophages in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: Vitreous samples from 29 PDR and 19 nondiabetic patients, epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from 15 patients with PDR and Müller cells were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: We showed a significant increase in expression of IL-11, soluble(s) IL-11Rα, sCD163 and VEGF in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls. Significant positive correlations were found between levels of VEGF and levels of IL-11 and sCD163. Significant positive correlations were found between microvessel density and number of blood vessels and stromal cells expressing IL-11, IL-11Rα and CD163 in PDR epiretinal membranes. The hypoxia mimetic agent cobalt chloride induced upregulation of IL-11 and IL-11Ra in cultured Müller cells. CONCLUSIONS: M2 macrophages might be involved in PDR angiogenesis.
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Müller cells in the healthy and diseased retina
Andreas Bringmann, Thomas Pannicke, Jens Grosche et al. · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · 2006 · 1.7K citations
Interleukin-6 family of cytokines and gp130
Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Shizuo Akira, Masashi Narazaki et al. · Blood · 1995 · 1.3K citations · Full text