Tailor-Made Pt Catalysts with Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Stability/Durability

Abstract

With recent technological advances, the demand for renewable energy is ever growing. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have shown great promise in subduing various environmental and energy issues. However, the use of a platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst on both cathode and anode sides of the PEMFCs has caused economical and sustainability hurdles in the commercialization of such devices. To alleviate these problems with Pt catalysts, various avenues have been researched and used. In the present Review, we have tried to look into the problems associated with the stability of the Pt-based electrocatalysts. Here, the scope of the current Review is categorized into three issues regarding the stability of Pt electrocatalysts: shape-controlled structure, alloy and core–shell structure, and supporting materials for Pt-based electrocatalysts. Major factors influencing the stability of the Pt-based electrocatalysts have been discussed, and various parameters needed for increasing the stability are also considered.